• • Loss of consciousness or awareness
  • Loss of control of bladder or bowel function
  • Difficulty hearing or seeing
  • Uncontrolled muscle movements
  • Blank stare
  • Temporary confusion
  • Changes in taste, smell, vision, or hearing
  • Feelings of numbness or tingling
  • Psychic symptoms like fear, anxiety, or déjà vu

• High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels that nourish the nerves 
• Oxidative stress caused by high blood sugar damages the myelin sheath, the protective layer around the nerves. 

• • Numbness, tingling, or burning sensations
  • Pain, especially at night or when walking
  • Weakness or muscle cramps
  • Foot deformities
  • Difficulty with balance and coordination
  • Loss of sensation in the feet, making it susceptible to injuries 

• Ischemic stroke:

  The most common type, caused by a blood clot that blocks an artery in the brain 
• Hemorrhagic stroke:

  Occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, leading to bleeding in the brain. 

• • High blood pressure
  • Heart disease
  • High cholesterol
  • Diabetes
  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Family history
  • Age (risk increases with age) 

• • Medulloblastoma: The most common malignant brain tumor in children, usually affecting those between the ages of 5 and 9 
  • Olfactory neuroblastoma: A rare malignant tumor that develops in the nose
  • Chondrosarcoma: A malignant bone cancer that mainly affects cartilage, usually developing in patients between the ages of 50 and 70
  • Glioblastoma: A common malignant brain tumor
  • Astrocytoma: A common malignant brain tumor
  • Oligodendroglioma: A common malignant brain tumor
  • Mixed gliomas: A common malignant brain tumor Metastatic brain tumors

Metastatic brain tumors

• • Alzheimer’s disease: Affects memory, behavior, and brain function 
  • Dementia: A general term for a group of diseases that affect memory, thinking, and behavior 
  • Amnesia: Temporary or permanent loss of memory
  • Delirium: A sudden change in thinking or behavior
  • Transient global amnesia (TGA): A sudden, temporary loss of short-term memory
  • Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome: Causes confusion, amnesia, impaired short-term memory, and difficulty learning new information